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PORTMASTER(8) FreeBSD System Manager's Manual PORTMASTER(8)
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[править] NAME
portmaster -- manage your ports without external databases or languages
[править] SYNOPSIS
Common Flags: [--force-config -CGHKgntvw -[B|b] -[f|i] -[D|d]]
[[[--packages|-P]|[--packages-only|-PP]] | [--packages-build]]
[--packages-if-newer] [--delete-build-only] [--always-fetch]
[--local-packagedir=<path>] [--packages-local] [--delete-packages]
[--no-confirm] [--no-term-title] [--no-index-fetch]
[--index|--index-first|--index-only] [-m arguments for make]
[-x glob pattern to exclude from building]
portmaster [Common Flags] full name of port directory in /var/db/pkg
portmaster [Common Flags] full path to /usr/ports/foo/bar
portmaster [Common Flags] glob pattern of directories from /var/db/pkg
PLEASE NOTE: Glob patterns now update every port that matches.
This is a change from pre-version-2.3 behavior.
portmaster [Common Flags] [--update-if-newer] Multiple full names or
paths from /usr/ports or /var/db/pkg, and/or multiple globs
from /var/db/pkg
portmaster [Common Flags]
. (Use in /usr/ports/foo/bar to build that port)
portmaster [Common Flags] -a
portmaster --show-work [-Gv] [-m args] <single port, as above>
portmaster [Common Flags] -o <new port dir in /usr/ports> <installed
port>
portmaster [Common Flags] [-R] -r name/glob of port in /var/db/pkg (can
be specified more than once)
portmaster -l
portmaster [--index-only [-t]] -L
portmaster --list-origins
portmaster [--force-config|-G] [-P|-PP] [-aftv] -F
portmaster [-n|y] [-b] [-D|d] -e name/glob of a single port directory in
/var/db/pkg
portmaster [-n|y] [-b] [-D|d] -s
portmaster [-n|y] [-t] --clean-distfiles
portmaster [-n|y] [--index|-index-only] --clean-packages
portmaster [-n|y] [--index|-index-only] [-v] --check-depends
portmaster [-n|y] [-v] --check-port-dbdir
portmaster -h|--help
portmaster --version
The "glob" patterns mentioned above are not regular expres-
sions. For example: "portmaster perl" would match every port
directory name in /var/db/pkg that fits the pattern
"/var/db/pkg/perl*".
[править] QUICK START GUIDE
This manual contains a lot of valuable information about portmaster, and
you should read the entire manual to give you a better idea about how it
works and what choices are available to you. However in the interests of
getting you started quickly please see the EXAMPLES section at the end of
the manual.
[править] DESCRIPTION
The portmaster utility is a tool for updating your ports. It does not
use an external database to track what you have installed. Rather it
uses the existing ports infrastructure, including what is located in
/var/db/pkg. The focus of this tool is to keep the dependency tracking
information for your ports up to date. This allows you to safely update
a specific port without having to update all of the ports "above" it. In
the rare case where you do need to recompile ports which depend on a port
you are updating, the -r option exists to accomplish this.
By default portmaster updates the port you specify on the command line.
This will occur whether there is a new version for it or not. It will
first recurse through the port and all of its dependencies (if any) to
handle any port OPTIONS via the 'make config' interface. You will be
presented with an OPTIONS dialog if you have never built the port before,
or if the OPTIONS have changed. You can force dialogs for all ports by
using the --force-config option.
While recursing through dependencies, if you are not using any of the
--packages* options, a 'make checksum' process will be launched in the
background to either verify that the correct distfiles are available or
start downloading the new ones. If you stop portmaster with ^C, an
attempt will be made to kill off the child processes started for this
purpose.
While checking dependencies if a port has CONFLICTS set they will be com-
pared to your installed ports and if you already have an alternate ver-
sion of the dependency that is required by the port you are building it
will be used in place of the default dependency.
When the config and dependency checking phase is over the user will be
presented with a list of ports that will be installed and/or upgraded,
and asked to approve before proceeding. This behavior can be suppressed
with the --no-confirm option.
If the dependency check does not find a port that needs updating that
step will be skipped prior to building the port(s) specified on the com-
mand line. In addition to this optimization, information about up-to-
date dependencies, choices made on which ports to build for interactive
mode, and ports already visited for 'make config' are all cached to
enhance performance and prevent duplicated efforts.
While recursing through the dependencies, if a port is marked IS_INTERAC-
TIVE this will be flagged. In the absence of this notification, under
normal circumstances the only user interaction required after the port
starts building is to answer questions about the deletion of stale dist-
files. This can be eliminated with the -d or -D options.
There are a number of --packages* options available to save the time that
would normally be spent building the port(s). Users interested in a rea-
sonable balance between speed of installation and maximum performance
should consider the --packages-build option, perhaps combined with the
--delete-build-only option.
If there is no -B option specified when updating an existing port, a
backup package will be created before pkg_delete(1) is called. If you
are using the -b option, these packages can be found in a directory
called "portmaster-backup" in the directory specified by the PACKAGES
environment variable, usually /usr/ports/packages. If there is no -b
option specified, the backup package will be deleted once the new version
of the port is successfully installed. If the installation fails for
whatever reason, a helpful message will be printed, along with instruc-
tions on where to find the backup package.
After the port is built, if the -w option is being used, all shared
libraries installed by the old port (if any) will be saved to
/usr/local/lib/compat/pkg. After installation if there are any new files
with the same names as those in /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg the old files
will be deleted, and ldconfig(8) will be run via /etc/rc.d/ldconfig.
After the new port is built, but before it is installed the runtime
dependencies will be checked to make sure they are up to date. If the -g
option is used a package will be created for the new (or newly installed)
version.
When installing a port or using the --check-depends option, if there are
other ports that depend on this port the dependent ports +CONTENTS
file(s), and the +REQUIRED_BY file for the new port will be updated.
At the conclusion of a successful installation, any pkg-message files
that were installed, and a summary of the work performed will be dis-
played. If the --delete-build-only option is in use, those packages that
were installed during the current run of portmaster AND were only ever
listed as build dependencies during this run will be deleted.
If something goes wrong during the process (e.g., a port build fails, a
port is marked BROKEN) portmaster will report any work done successfully
as described above, then exit.
The question is often asked, ``Why is it not possible to proceed with the
ports that do not have errors? The answer is that (unfortunately)
portmaster is not omniscient, and cannot guess what resolution the user
would like to have for this problem. Manual intervention is therefore
required.
[править] OPTIONS
The options are as follows:
Common Flags:
--force-config
run 'make config' for all ports (overrides -G)
-C prevents 'make clean' from being run before building
-G prevents 'make config'
-H hide details of the port build and install in a log file
-K prevents 'make clean' from being run after building
-B prevents creation of the backup package for the installed port
-b create and keep a backup package of an installed port
-g create a package of the new port
-n run through all steps, but do not make or install any ports
-t recurse dependencies thoroughly, using all-depends-list. RECOMMENDED
FOR USE ONLY WHEN NEEDED, NOT ROUTINELY. When applied to the
--clean-distfiles option it allows a distfile to be kept if it
matches any up to date port, not just the ones that are installed.
-v verbose output
-w save old shared libraries before deinstall
[-R] -f
always rebuild ports (overrides -i)
-i interactive update mode -- ask whether to rebuild ports
-D no cleaning of distfiles
-d always clean distfiles
-m arguments for make
any arguments to supply to make(1)
-x avoid building or updating ports that match this pattern. Can be
specified more than once. If a port is not already installed the
exclude pattern will be run against the directory name from
/usr/ports.
--no-confirm
do not ask the user to confirm the list of ports to be installed
and/or updated before proceeding
--no-term-title
do not update the xterm title bar
--no-index-fetch
skip fetching the INDEX file
--index
use INDEX-[7-9] exclusively to check if a port is up to date
--index-first
use the INDEX for status, but double-check with the port
--index-only
do not try to use /usr/ports. For updating ports when no /usr/ports
directory is present the -PP|--packages-only option is required. See
the ENVIRONMENT section below for additional requirements.
--delete-build-only
delete ports that are build-only dependencies after a successful run,
only if installed this run
--update-if-newer
(only for multiple ports listed on the command line) do not
rebuild/reinstall if the installed version is up to date
-P|--packages
use packages, but build port if not available
-PP|--packages-only
fail if no package is available. The -PP option must stand alone on
the command line. In other words, you cannot do -PPav (for example).
--packages-build
use packages for all build dependencies
--packages-if-newer
use package if newer than installed even if the package is not the
latest according to the ports tree
--always-fetch
fetch package even if it already exists locally
--local-packagedir=<path>
where local packages can be found, will fall back to fetching if no
local version exists. This option should point to the full path of a
directory structure created in the same way that 'make package' (or
the portmaster -g option) creates it. I.e., the package files are
contained in <path>/All, there are LATEST_LINK symlinks in the
<path>/Latest directory, and symlinks to the packages in <path>/All
in the category subdirectories, such as <path>/devel,
<path>/ports-mgmt, etc.
--packages-local
use packages from --local-packagedir only
--delete-packages
after installing from a package, delete it
Features:
-a check all ports, update as necessary
--show-work
show what dependent ports are, and are not installed (implies -t).
-o <new port dir in /usr/ports> <installed port>
replace the installed port with a port from a different origin
[-R] -r name/glob of port directory in /var/db/pkg
rebuild the specified port, and all ports that depend on it. The
list of dependent ports is built according to origin (i.e.,
category/portname) not by the version number of the installed port.
So if you do portmaster -r fooport-1.23 and it is necessary to
restart using -R but the newly installed port is now fooport-1.24 you
can do portmaster -R -r fooport-1.24 and it should pick up where you
left off. The -r option can be specified more than once.
-R used with the -r or -f options to skip ports updated on a previous
run. When used with -r it will also prevent the rebuild of the par-
ent port if it, and all of its dependencies are up to date.
-l list all installed ports by category
-L list all installed ports by category, and search for updates
--list-origins
list directories from /usr/ports for root and leaf ports. This list
is suitable for feeding to portmaster either on another machine or
for reinstalling all ports. See EXAMPLES below.
[--force-config|-G] [-aftv] -F
fetch distfiles only
-n answer no to all user prompts for the features below
-y answer yes to all user prompts for the features below
[-n|y] [-b] [-D|d] -e name/glob of a single port directory in /var/db/pkg
expunge a port using pkg_delete(1), and optionally remove all dist-
files. Calls -s after it is done expunging in case removing the port
causes a dependency to no longer be necessary.
[-n|y] [-b] [-D|d] -s
clean out stale ports that used to be depended on
[-t] [-n] --clean-distfiles
recurse through the installed ports to get a list of distinfo files,
then recurse through all files in /usr/ports/distfiles to make sure
that they are still associated with an installed port. If not, offer
to delete the stale file. With the -t option a distfile is consid-
ered valid if it is in use by any port, not just those installed.
[-t]
-y --clean-distfiles does the same as above, but deletes all files
without prompting.
[--index|--index-only] [-n] --clean-packages
offer to delete stale packages. The --index-only option is required
if no ports tree is available.
[--index|--index-only]
-y --clean-packages does the same as above, but deletes all out of
date files without prompting.
[-n|y] [-v] --check-depends
cross-check and update dependency information for all ports
[-n|y] [-v] --check-port-dbdir
check for stale entries in /var/db/ports
-h|--help
display help message
--version
display the version number
[править] ENVIRONMENT
The directory pointed to by the PACKAGES variable (by default
/usr/ports/packages) will be used to store new and backup packages. When
using 'make package' for the -g option, the ports infrastructure will
store packages in ${PACKAGES}/All, aka PKGREPOSITORY. When using the -b
option, portmaster stores its backup packages in
${PACKAGES}/portmaster-backup so that you can create both a backup pack-
age and a package of the newly installed port even if they have the same
version.
When using the --packages* options the package files will be downloaded
to ${PACKAGES}/portmaster-download. portmaster will respect the
PACKAGESITE and PACKAGEROOT (by default http://ftp.freebsd.org) vari-
ables. portmaster attempts to use both of these variables in the same
way that pkg_add(1) does.
The UPGRADE_TOOL variable is set to "portmaster", and the UPGRADE_PORT
and UPGRADE_PORT_VER variables are set to the full package name string
and version of the existing package being replaced, if any.
When using the --index-only option the PACKAGES variable must be set to a
directory where the superuser has write permissions. Other useful vari-
ables include:
MASTER_SITE_INDEX (default http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/) FETCHINDEX (default fetch -am -o) INDEXDIR (default $PORTSDIR, or $TMPDIR for --index-only) INDEXFILE (default auto per FreeBSD version)
If you use non-standard OPTIONS settings for package building and wish to
use the --index-only option without a ports tree you must generate your
own INDEX file so that the dependencies match.
If you wish to customize your build environment on a per-port basis you
might want to take a look at /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portconf
To log actions taken by portmaster along with a date/time stamp you can
define PM_LOG in your rc file with the full path of the file you would
like to log to. If running portmaster with sudo(8) (see below) then you
should make sure that the file is writable by the unprivileged user.
By default portmaster creates backup packages of installed ports before
it runs pkg_delete(1) during an update. If that package creation fails
it is treated as a serious error and the user is prompted. However for
scripted use of portmaster this can be a problem. In situations where
the user is ABSOLUTELY SURE that lack of a backup package should not be a
fatal error PM_IGNORE_FAILED_BACKUP_PACKAGE can be defined to any value
in the rc file.
For those who wish to be sure that specific ports are always compiled
instead of being installed from packages the PT_NO_INSTALL_PACKAGE vari-
able can be defined in the make(1) environment, perhaps in
/usr/local/etc/ports.conf if using /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portconf, or in
/etc/make.conf. This setting is not compatible with the
-PP/--packages-only option.
[править] FILES
/usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc
$HOME/.portmasterrc
Optional system and user configuration files. The variables set in
the script's getopts routine can be specified in these files to
enable those options. These files will be read by the parent
portmaster process, and all variables in them will be exported. If
a portmaster.rc file is placed in the same directory as the
portmaster script itself, it will be read as described above.
/var/db/pkg/*/+IGNOREME
If this file exists for a port that is already installed, several
things will happen:
1. The port will be ignored for all purposes.
This includes dependency updates even if there is no directory
for the port in /usr/ports and there is no entry for it in
/usr/ports/MOVED. If the -v option is used, the fact that the
port is being ignored will be mentioned.
2. If using the
-L option, and a new version exists, the existence of the
+IGNOREME file will be mentioned.
3. If you do a regular update of the port, or if the
-a option is being used you will be asked if you want to update
the port anyway.
/var/db/pkg/*/PM_UPGRADE_DONE_FLAG
Indicates to a subsequent -a, -f, or -r run which includes the -R
option that a port has already been rebuilt, so it can be safely
ignored if it is up to date.
/tmp/port_log-*
If the -H option is used, and the installation or upgrade is not
successful, the results of the build and install will be saved in
this file. Substitute the value of TMPDIR in your environment as
appropriate.
[править] EXIT STATUS
The portmaster utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
[править] ADVANCED FEATURE: SU_CMD
The ports infrastructure has limited support for performing various oper-
ations as an unprivileged user. It does this by defining SU_CMD, which
is typically su(1). In order to support complete management of your
ports as an unprivileged user, escalating to "root" privileges only when
necessary, portmaster can use sudo(1) to handle the escalated privileges.
To accomplish this you must have the following directories configured so
that the unprivileged user can access them:
1. WRKDIRPREFIX - This is usually set to /usr/ports/category/port/work,
however it is suggested that you configure another directory outside
your ports tree for access by the unprivileged user, and assign this
variable to that value in your /etc/make.conf.
2. DISTDIR - This is usually set to /usr/ports/distfiles.
This directory can be safely set up for access by the unprivileged
user, or a new directory can be specified as above.
3. TMPDIR - Usually /tmp,
but can also be set to another directory in your shell environment if
desired.
It is further assumed that the following directories will be owned by
root:
/var/db/pkg
/var/db/ports
LOCALBASE - Usually /usr/local
PACKAGES - Usually /usr/ports/packages
PKGREPOSITORY - Usually ${PACKAGES}/All
You will then need to install and configure sudo(1). This can easily be
done with /usr/ports/security/sudo. Then you will need to define
PM_SU_CMD in your /etc/portmaster.rc file, or your $HOME/.portmasterrc
file. For example:
PM_SU_CMD=/usr/local/bin/sudo
You can optionally define the PM_SU_VERBOSE option as well to notify you
each time portmaster uses the PM_SU_CMD. This is particularly useful if
you are experimenting with a tool other than sudo(1) to handle the privi-
lege escalation, although at this time sudo(1) is the only supported
option.
PLEASE NOTE: You cannot upgrade the sudo(1) port itself using this
method.
[править] EXAMPLES
The following are examples of typical usage of the portmaster command:
Update one port:
portmaster fooport-1.23 or
portmaster fooport or
portmaster foo/fooport
Use a package if available:
portmaster --packages fooport-1.23
Update multiple ports:
portmaster fooport-1.23 barport baz/blahport
Build a port locally but use packages for build dependencies, then delete
the build dependencies when finished:
portmaster --packages-build --delete-build-only fooport-1.23
Update a system using only packages that are available locally:
portmaster -PP --local-packagedir=<path> -a
Update all ports that need updating:
portmaster -a
Update all ports that need updating, and delete stale distfiles after the
update is done:
1. portmaster -aD
2. portmaster --clean-distfiles
More complex tasks (please see the details for these options above):
portmaster -r fooport-1.23
portmaster -r fooport-1.23 -r barport-2.34
portmaster -o emulators/linux_base-fc4 linux_base-8-8.0_15
portmaster -a -x gstreamer -x linux
Print only the ports that have available updates. This can be used as an
alias in your shell. Be sure to fix the line wrapping appropriately.
portmaster -L |
egrep -B1 '(ew|ort) version|Aborting|installed|dependencies|
IGNORE|marked|Reason:|MOVED|deleted|exist|update' | grep -v '^--'
Using portmaster to do a complete reinstallation of all your ports:
1. portmaster --list-origins > ~/installed-port-list
2. Update your ports tree
3. portmaster -ty --clean-distfiles
4. portmaster --check-port-dbdir
5. portmaster -Faf
6. pkg_delete -a
7. rm -rf /usr/local/lib/compat/pkg
8. Back up any files in /usr/local you wish to save,
such as configuration files in /usr/local/etc
9. Manually check /usr/local and /var/db/pkg
to make sure that they are really empty
10. Re-install portmaster
11. portmaster `cat ~/installed-port-list`
You probably want to use the -D option for the installation and then run
--clean-distfiles [-y] again when you are done. You might also want to
consider using the --force-config option when installing the new ports.
Alternatively you could use portmaster -a -f -D to do an ``in place
update of your ports. If that process is interrupted for any reason you
can use portmaster -a -f -D -R to avoid rebuilding ports already rebuilt
on previous runs. However the first method (delete everything and rein-
stall) is preferred.
[править] SEE ALSO
make, pkg_add, pkg_delete, su, ports, ldconfig, sudo
[править] AUTHORS
This manual page was written by Doug Barton <dougb@FreeBSD.org>.
FreeBSD 9.0 December 12, 2011 FreeBSD 9.0
